Which benefit plan allows individuals to invest part of their earnings into a financial portfolio that is tax-exempt?

A 401(k) plan is a type of retirement savings plan that allows employees to invest a portion of their earnings before taxes are taken out. This means that the money contributed to a 401(k) is not subject to federal income tax at the time of investment, allowing individuals to accumulate savings for retirement in a tax-advantaged manner. The funds can grow over time through investments in various options such as stocks, bonds, and mutual funds without being taxed until withdrawal, typically during retirement when individuals may be in a lower tax bracket.

This tax-exempt nature of contributions is a significant advantage, as it incentivizes saving for retirement by allowing individuals to invest more effectively over the long term. The tax deferral can result in substantial growth of the retirement funds due to compound interest working on the entire balance, rather than just the post-tax amount.

Other plans like 403(b) plans, FSAs, and pension plans have different structures and tax implications. For example, while 403(b) plans are similar to 401(k) plans in that they allow for tax-deferred contributions, they are specifically designated for employees of certain nonprofit organizations and educational institutions, thus not universally applicable. Flexible Spending Accounts (FSAs) are designed for specific medical